Placenta - Revision history

Michael: /* What to remember... */

2018-05-10T15:27:21Z

What to remember...

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:27, 10 May 2018
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	*Is it required?		*Is it required?
	**Sebire and Fox have advocated abandoning the practise of obtaining a placental mass, due to the large number of uncontrolled variables inherent in these measures. Instead, they have advocated using mushy descriptors such as "small", "average" and "large", which require experience in examining the organ.<ref>{{cite book \|author= Fox, Harold; Sebire, Neil J. \|title=[http://www.amazon.com/Pathology-Placenta-Major-Problems/dp/1416025928/ref=sr_1_fkmr0_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1297259619&sr=1-1-fkmr0 Pathology of the Placenta (Major Problems in Pathology)]\|publisher=Saunders \|location= \|year=2007 \|pages= 559-561 \|edition=3rd \|isbn=978-1416025924 \|oclc= \|doi= \|accessdate=}}</ref>		**Sebire and Fox have advocated abandoning the practise of obtaining a placental mass, due to the large number of uncontrolled variables inherent in these measures. Instead, they have advocated using mushy descriptors such as "small", "average" and "large", which require experience in examining the organ.<ref>{{cite book \|author= Fox, Harold; Sebire, Neil J. \|title=[http://www.amazon.com/Pathology-Placenta-Major-Problems/dp/1416025928/ref=sr_1_fkmr0_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1297259619&sr=1-1-fkmr0 Pathology of the Placenta (Major Problems in Pathology)]\|publisher=Saunders \|location= \|year=2007 \|pages= 559-561 \|edition=3rd \|isbn=978-1416025924 \|oclc= \|doi= \|accessdate=}}</ref>
	***In the context of quality, a measure (even if somewhat flawed), is ~~almost certainly~~ more reproducible than arbitrary descriptors which require experience and a continuing case volume to calibrate.		***In the context of quality, a measure (even if somewhat flawed) is probably more reproducible and objective than arbitrary descriptors which require experience and a continuing case volume to calibrate.

	===Placentomegaly===		===Placentomegaly===

Michael: tweak

2018-05-10T15:25:56Z

tweak

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:25, 10 May 2018
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	===Linear regression - placental mass-gestational age===		===Linear regression - placental mass-gestational age===
	Based on the table in the AFIP book<ref>AFIP Placental pathol. ISBN: 1-881041-89-1. P.312</ref> ~~I generated~~ the following regression lines:		Based on the table in the AFIP book<ref>AFIP Placental pathol. ISBN: 1-881041-89-1. P.312</ref> one can generate the following regression lines:
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	\| \|\|'''50%''' \|\|'''10%''' \|\|'''90%'''		\| \|\|'''50%''' \|\|'''10%''' \|\|'''90%'''

Brigitte: /* Cord hematoma */

2018-05-10T15:03:07Z

Cord hematoma

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:03, 10 May 2018
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	*Rare ~ 1/5500.		*Rare ~ 1/5500.
	*Mortality ~50% is severe.		*Mortality ~50% is severe.

	Image: [http://flylib.com/books/2/953/1/html/2/43%20-%20Placenta_files/DA10C43FF12.png Hematoma (flylib.com)].<ref>URL: [http://flylib.com/books/en/2.953.1.49/1/ http://flylib.com/books/en/2.953.1.49/1/]. Accessed on: 10 January 2011.</ref>

	=Membranes=		=Membranes=

Michael: /* Fetus papyraceus */ split out

2016-04-18T02:08:07Z

Fetus papyraceus: split out

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:08, 18 April 2016
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	*May be spelled ''foetus papyraceus''.		*May be spelled ''foetus papyraceus''.
	*[[AKA]] ''fetus compressus''.		*[[AKA]] ''fetus compressus''.
			{{Main\|Fetus papyraceus}}
	~~===General===~~
	*Remnant of a dead fetus usu. from a twin pregnancy.
	**No clinical consequence for mother and remaining fetus.

	~~Clinical:<ref name=Ref_Placenta141>~~{{~~Ref Placenta~~\|~~141~~}}~~</ref>~~
	*Documented multiple gestation by imaging.
	*Elevated AFP.
	*May be a "fetal reduction" in the context of ''in vitro'' fertilization (IVF).

	~~Note:~~
	*"Papyraceus" = paper-like.

	~~===Gross===~~
	*Pale yellow flattened disk or plaque with a pigmented macule<ref name=Ref_Placenta141>{{Ref Placenta\|141}}</ref> - on membranes or placental disc.

	~~===Microscopic===~~
	~~Features:~~
	*Fetal structures - such as:
	**Cartilage.
	**Bone.

	~~Images:~~
	*[http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMicm020196 Fetus papyraceus (nejm.org)].
	*[http://path.upmc.edu/cases/case128.html Fetus papyraceus (upmc.edu)].
	*[http://www.neonet.ch/en/03_Case_of_the_month/archive/11_dermatologic_disorders/2002_10.asp Fetus papyraceus (neonet.ch)].<ref>URL: [http://www.neonet.ch/en/03_Case_of_the_month/archive/11_dermatologic_disorders/2002_10.asp http://www.neonet.ch/en/03_Case_of_the_month/archive/11_dermatologic_disorders/2002_10.asp]. Accessed on: 3 January 2012.</ref>

	==Placental mesenchymal dysplasia==		==Placental mesenchymal dysplasia==

Michael: /* Gross */

2016-04-18T02:03:22Z

Gross

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:03, 18 April 2016
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	===Gross===		===Gross===
	Features:<ref name=pmid18081444/>		Features:<ref name=pmid18081444>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Adeniran \| first1 = AJ. \| last2 = Stanek \| first2 = J. \| title = Amnion nodosum revisited: clinicopathologic and placental correlations. \| journal = Arch Pathol Lab Med \| volume = 131 \| issue = 12 \| pages = 1829-33 \| month = Dec \| year = 2007 \| doi = 10.1043/1543-2165(2007)131[1829:ANRCAP]2.0.CO;2 \| PMID = 18081444 }}</ref>
	*White (or yellow) plaques - irregular outline.		*White (or yellow) plaques - irregular outline.

Michael: /* Acute villitis */

2016-04-17T15:32:56Z

Acute villitis

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:32, 17 April 2016
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	==Acute villitis==		==Acute villitis==
	~~===General===~~		{{main\|Acute villitis}}
	*Rare.
	*Typically viral - see ''[[TORCH infections]]''.

	~~===Microscopic===~~
	~~Features:~~
	*[[Neutrophil]]s in the villous stroma - '''key feature'''.
	*+/-Features suggestive a particular infective etiology.
	**Cytoplasmic inclusion +/-owl's eye nucleus ([[CMV]]).

	~~====Images====~~
	~~<gallery>~~
	~~Image:CMV_placentitis2_mini.jpg~~ \| ~~[[CMV]] placentitis. (WC)~~
	~~</gallery>~~
	~~www:~~
	*[http://www.webpathology.com/image.asp?n=1&Case=579 Acute villitis ~~(webpathology.com)].~~
	*[http://www.webpathology.com/image.asp?n=2&Case=579 Acute villitis (webpathology.com)].

	==Villitis of unknown etiology==		==Villitis of unknown etiology==

Michael: /* Amnion nodosum */ split out

2016-04-17T15:21:46Z

Amnion nodosum: split out

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:21, 17 April 2016
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	==Amnion nodosum==		==Amnion nodosum==
	~~===General===~~		{{Main\|Amnion nodosum}}
	*Associated with (long-standing) [[oligohydramnios]].<ref>URL: [http://library.med.utah.edu/WebPath/PLACHTML/PLAC042.html http://library.med.utah.edu/WebPath/PLACHTML/PLAC042.html]. Accessed on: 12 January 2011.</ref>
	*Should be separated from ''squamous metaplasia of amnion''.

	~~===Gross===~~
	~~Features:<ref name=pmid18081444>~~{{~~Cite journal~~ \| ~~last1 = Adeniran \| first1 = AJ. \| last2 = Stanek \| first2 = J. \| title =~~ Amnion nodosum revisited: clinicopathologic and placental correlations. \| journal = Arch Pathol Lab Med \| volume = 131 \| issue = 12 \| pages = 1829-33 \| month = Dec \| year = 2007 \| doi = 10.1043/1543-2165(2007)131[1829:ANRCAP]2.0.CO;2 \| PMID = 18081444 }}~~</ref>~~
	*Yellow nodules ~ 1-5 mm.
	**Some think they are white.<ref>CS. 7 February 2011.</ref>

	~~DDx:~~
	*[[Squamous metaplasia of the amnion]] - large irregular patches, usu. white.

	~~Images:~~
	*[http://www.webpathology.com/image.asp?n=2&Case=659 Amnion nodosum (webpathology.com)].
	*[http://www.archivesofpathology.org/action/showFullPopup?id=i1543-2165-131-12-1829-f01&doi=10.1043%2F1543-2165%282007%29131%5B1829%3AANRCAP%5D2.0.CO%3B2 Amnion nodosum & squamous metaplasia of the amnion (archivesofpathology.org)].<ref name=pmid18081444/>
	~~<!-- annoying use of '[' and ']' - had to go find escape characters here: http://www.w3schools.com/tags/ref_urlencode.asp -->~~

	~~===Microscopic===~~
	~~Features:<ref name=pmid18081444/>~~
	*Stratified squamous epithelium - non-keratinizing ''or'' minimal keratin.
	*Amorphous acidophilic (pink) debris.

	~~Note:~~
	*Normal amnion = simple epithelium.

	~~Images:~~
	*[http://www.webpathology.com/image.asp?case=659&n=3 Amnion nodosum (webpathology.com)].
	*[http://www.archivesofpathology.org/action/showFullPopup?id=i1543-2165-131-12-1829-f01&doi=10.1043%2F1543-2165%282007%29131%5B1829%3AANRCAP%5D2.0.CO%3B2 Amnion nodosum & squamous metaplasia of the amnion (archivesofpathology.org)].<ref name=pmid18081444/>
	~~<!-- annoying use of '[' and ']' - had to go find escape characters here: http://www.w3schools.com/tags/ref_urlencode.asp -->~~

	==Placental meconium==		==Placental meconium==

Michael at 21:29, 30 December 2015

2015-12-30T21:29:38Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:29, 30 December 2015
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	The organ is one that seems to be left behind; at least one review suggests it isn't done so well by general pathologists.<ref name=pmid12033960>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Sun \| first1 = CC. \| last2 = Revell \| first2 = VO. \| last3 = Belli \| first3 = AJ. \| last4 = Viscardi \| first4 = RM. \| title = Discrepancy in pathologic diagnosis of placental lesions. \| journal = Arch Pathol Lab Med \| volume = 126 \| issue = 6 \| pages = 706-9 \| month = Jun \| year = 2002 \| doi = 10.1043/0003-9985(2002)1260706:DIPDOP2.0.CO;2 \| PMID = 12033960 }}</ref>		The organ is one that seems to be left behind; at least one review suggests it isn't done so well by general pathologists.<ref name=pmid12033960>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Sun \| first1 = CC. \| last2 = Revell \| first2 = VO. \| last3 = Belli \| first3 = AJ. \| last4 = Viscardi \| first4 = RM. \| title = Discrepancy in pathologic diagnosis of placental lesions. \| journal = Arch Pathol Lab Med \| volume = 126 \| issue = 6 \| pages = 706-9 \| month = Jun \| year = 2002 \| doi = 10.1043/0003-9985(2002)1260706:DIPDOP2.0.CO;2 \| PMID = 12033960 }}</ref>

			''Placental pathology'' redirects to this article.

	=Clinical=		=Clinical=

Michael: touch

2015-06-14T19:00:31Z

touch

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:00, 14 June 2015
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	[[Image:Human_placenta.jpg\|thumb\|right\|A placenta (fetal aspect) with attached umbilical cord. (WC/Asturnut)]]		[[Image:Human_placenta.jpg\|thumb\|right\|A placenta (fetal aspect) with attached umbilical cord. (WC/Asturnut)]]
	The '''placenta''' feeds the developing baby, breathes for it and disposes of its waste.		The '''placenta''' feeds the developing baby, breathes for it and disposes of its waste.

Michael: /* General */

2015-06-05T02:58:35Z

General

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:58, 5 June 2015
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	*Abbreviation ''PFD''.		*Abbreviation ''PFD''.
	===General===		===General===
	*Thought to be an immunologic problem - resulting in platelet activation and fibrin deposition.<ref name=pmid12066949/>		*Thought to be an immunologic problem - resulting in platelet activation and fibrin deposition.<ref name=pmid12066949>{{Cite journal \| last1 = Sebire \| first1 = NJ. \| last2 = Backos \| first2 = M. \| last3 = Goldin \| first3 = RD. \| last4 = Regan \| first4 = L. \| title = Placental massive perivillous fibrin deposition associated with antiphospholipid antibody syndrome. \| journal = BJOG \| volume = 109 \| issue = 5 \| pages = 570-3 \| month = May \| year = 2002 \| doi = \| PMID = 12066949 }}</ref>
	*May be associated with [[diabetes mellitus]].<ref name=Ref_Placenta327>{{Ref Placenta\|327}}</ref>		*May be associated with [[diabetes mellitus]].<ref name=Ref_Placenta327>{{Ref Placenta\|327}}</ref>