Talk:Placenta - Revision history

Michael: /* Decidual inflammation */ new section

2014-01-06T13:00:28Z

Decidual inflammation: new section

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:00, 6 January 2014
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	Comment 2:		Comment 2:
	Lack of physiologic conversion (of the spiral arteries of the uterus) is a feature seen in hypertrophic decidual vasculopathy (the histopathologic correlate of gestational hypertension). Other changes of hypertrophic decidual vasculopathy (atherosis, intimal hyperplasia, fibrinoid necrosis of the vessel wall, perivascular inflammation, thrombosis) are absent.		Lack of physiologic conversion (of the spiral arteries of the uterus) is a feature seen in hypertrophic decidual vasculopathy (the histopathologic correlate of gestational hypertension). Other changes of hypertrophic decidual vasculopathy (atherosis, intimal hyperplasia, fibrinoid necrosis of the vessel wall, perivascular inflammation, thrombosis) are absent.

			== Decidual inflammation ==

			<pre>
			PLACENTA, UMBILICAL CORD AND FETAL MEMBRANES, BIRTH:
			- FETAL MEMBRANES WITH MILD DECIDUAL INFLAMMATION (LYMPHOCYTES AND NEUTROPHILS),
			OTHERWISE WITHIN NORMAL LIMITS.
			- PLACENTAL DISC WITH THIRD TRIMESTER VILLI, MILD PERIVILLOUS FIBRIN DEPOSITION AND
			SUBCHORIONIC FIBRIN (1 CM MAXIMAL DIMENSION).
			- THREE VESSEL UMBILICAL CORD WITHIN NORMAL LIMITS.
			</pre>

Michael at 13:02, 19 October 2013

2013-10-19T13:02:10Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:02, 19 October 2013
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	== Chorangiosis? Hypertrophic decidual vasculopathy? ==		== Chorangiosis? Hypertrophic decidual vasculopathy? ==

	==Diagnosis==		===Diagnosis===
	PLACENTA, BIRTH:<br>		PLACENTA, BIRTH:<br>
	- THREE VESSEL CORD.<br>		- THREE VESSEL CORD.<br>
Line 102:		Line 102:
	- THICK-WALLED MATERNAL VESSELS (LACK OF PHYSIOLOGIC CONVERSION), SEE COMMENT 2.		- THICK-WALLED MATERNAL VESSELS (LACK OF PHYSIOLOGIC CONVERSION), SEE COMMENT 2.

	==Comment==		===Comment===
	Comment 1:		Comment 1:
	Villi, focally, have increased vascular channels; however, they are the appropriate size, for the gestational age, and have peripheral vessels.		Villi, focally, have increased vascular channels; however, they are the appropriate size, for the gestational age, and have peripheral vessels.

Michael at 13:41, 8 October 2013

2013-10-08T13:41:02Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:41, 8 October 2013
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			==Placenta checklist==
			Membranes:
			*Chorioamnionitis/membranitis?
			*Meconium?
			*Vascular changes?

			Cord:
			*Vasculitis?
			*Funisitis?

			Disc:
			*Large villi?
			**Appropriate for GA?
			**Villitis?
			**Vascular pathology?
			*Vascular villi - [[chorangiosis]]?
			*Lesions present on gross?
			*Villitis - high power.
			**Lymphocytes?
			**Plasma cells?

			General:
			*Size of placenta appropriate for GA?

	==Infarcts==		==Infarcts==
	===Gross description===		===Gross description===

Michael: /* Chorangiosis? Hypertrophic decidual vasculopathy? */ new section

2011-07-27T15:47:05Z

Chorangiosis? Hypertrophic decidual vasculopathy?: new section

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:47, 27 July 2011
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	Comment #2		Comment #2
	The extent of the villitis suggests this finding is probably inconsequential; however, it should be noted that severe lymphohistiocytic villitis is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, in a subset of patients.		The extent of the villitis suggests this finding is probably inconsequential; however, it should be noted that severe lymphohistiocytic villitis is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, in a subset of patients.

			== Chorangiosis? Hypertrophic decidual vasculopathy? ==

			==Diagnosis==
			PLACENTA, BIRTH:<br>
			- THREE VESSEL CORD.<br>
			- SMALL SUBCHORIONIC HEMORRHAGE.<br>
			- NORMAL THIRD TRIMESTER VILLI AND VILLI WITH FEATURES SUGGESTIVE OF CHORANGIOSIS, SEE COMMENT 1.<br>
			- NEGATIVE FOR CHORIOAMNIONITIS AND NEGATIVE FOR MECONIUM.<br>
			- THICK-WALLED MATERNAL VESSELS (LACK OF PHYSIOLOGIC CONVERSION), SEE COMMENT 2.

			==Comment==
			Comment 1:
			Villi, focally, have increased vascular channels; however, they are the appropriate size, for the gestational age, and have peripheral vessels.

			Comment 2:
			Lack of physiologic conversion (of the spiral arteries of the uterus) is a feature seen in hypertrophic decidual vasculopathy (the histopathologic correlate of gestational hypertension). Other changes of hypertrophic decidual vasculopathy (atherosis, intimal hyperplasia, fibrinoid necrosis of the vessel wall, perivascular inflammation, thrombosis) are absent.

Michael: Created page with "==Infarcts== ===Gross description=== The specimen consists of a singleton placenta, received fresh in a container with patient identifiers. Umbilical Cord: *No. of segments: one..."

2011-02-11T15:14:02Z

Created page with "==Infarcts== ===Gross description=== The specimen consists of a singleton placenta, received fresh in a container with patient identifiers. Umbilical Cord: *No. of segments: one..."

New page

==Infarcts==
===Gross description===
The specimen consists of a singleton placenta, received fresh in a container with patient identifiers.

Umbilical Cord:
*No. of segments: one, attached to the placental disc.
*insertion: marginal, not velamentous.
*length (aggregate): 19 cm.
*diameter: 1.8 cm (maximum).
*No. of vessels: three.
*coiling index (No. of coils/10 cm segment): 1
*comments: none.

Membranes:
*rupture site: distant from the cord and distant from the edge of the placental disc.
*colour: light green discolourization.
*comments: none.

Trimmed Placenta:
*size: 20 x 16.5 x 2 cm
*weight: 376 g (post-fixation).
*shape: irregular - described in 'maternal surface' section.
*comments: note.

Fetal Surface:
*colour: light green discolourization.
*vascularization: four vessels, unremarkable.
*comments: none.

Maternal Surface:
completeness: cotyledons are complete.
comments: two sites of thinning of the placental disc, with white dicolourization on the maternal aspect: site #1. 15 x 4 cm adjacent to the site of the cord insertion, site #2. 12 x 3 cm at the edge of the disc. There is no central depression and no significant blood clot present.

Parenchyma:
comments: There are multiple large white, firm lesions and several smaller softer red lesions. The largest lesions measure 5, 4, 2.5, 2 cm. There is also a large recent thrombus in the central part of the disc measuring up to 2 cm. The percent of disc involved by the white and red lesions is estimated to be 20-25%.

Sections Submitted:
*34: proximal cord and membranes
*35: fetal and maternal surfaces, distal cord
*36-38: full thickness (disc) - grossly unremarkable
*39-40: red lesions (recent infarct)
*41-42: white lesions (older infarcts)
*43: white lesion in thinned region of disc (site #1) / interface of thinned region and central portion of the disc
*44-45: white lesions (old infarcts)
*46: white lesion in thinned region of disc (site #2)
*47-49: additional sections of the membranes

===Microscopic description===

The sections show extensive placental infaraction, characterized by decreased intervillous spacing and karyolysis. There is extensive perivillous fibrin deposition and a large laminated intervillous thrombus.

A lymphocytic villitis with rare plasma cells is identified in less than five villi. The etiology of the lymphocytic villitis is not apparent by ordinary light microscopy examination and immunostaining for CMV.
Placental mass is within the normal range for the estimated gestational age, 376 g (for 37 weeks 5 days, 10th percentile mass = 359 g, 50th percentile mass 468 g, 90th percentile mass = 610 g). If the mass of the placenta is assumed to be between the 10th and 90th percentile, it suggests a gestational age between 29 weeks 5 days and 38 weeks and 5 days.

===Final diagnosis===
Placenta, delivery - third trimester singleton placenta, with:
# multiple placental infarcts, large (together 20-25% of placental volume), old and recent, see comment #1.
# marked perivillous fibrin deposition within and around placental infarcts.
# large intervillus thrombus (~2 cm).
# lymphocytic villitis, very focal, see comment #2.
# marginal cord insertion.

====Comments====
Comment #1
The extent of infarction is sufficient to exhaust the physiologic reserve and compromise placental function.

Comment #2
The extent of the villitis suggests this finding is probably inconsequential; however, it should be noted that severe lymphohistiocytic villitis is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, in a subset of patients.