Difference between revisions of "Chronic traumatic encephalopathy"

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[[Image:Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy.png|thumb|right|Gross images showing a brain with chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) and a normal brain. (WC/BU)]]
'''Chronic traumatic encephalopathy''', abbreviated '''CTE''', is a [[Neurodegenerative diseases|neurodegenerative disease]] due to repeated trauma.
'''Chronic traumatic encephalopathy''', abbreviated '''CTE''', is a [[Neurodegenerative diseases|neurodegenerative disease]] due to repeated trauma.
The in the context of boxing it is known as '''dementia pugilistica'''; ''pugil'' is ''boxer'' in Latin.<ref>URL: [http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/pugilism http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/pugilism]. Accessed on: 21 November 2011.</ref>


==General==
==General==
*Due to head trauma - usually repetitive.
*Due to head trauma - usually repetitive.
**Seen in ''American football'' and ''boxing''.
**Seen in ''American football'' and ''boxing''.
***The in the context of boxing it is known as ''dementia pugilistica''; ''pugil'' is ''boxer'' in Latin.<ref>URL: [http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/pugilism http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/pugilism]. Accessed on: 21 November 2011.</ref>
*May be associated with motor neuron disease.<ref name=pmid22050943>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Daneshvar | first1 = DH. | last2 = Riley | first2 = DO. | last3 = Nowinski | first3 = CJ. | last4 = McKee | first4 = AC. | last5 = Stern | first5 = RA. | last6 = Cantu | first6 = RC. | title = Long-term consequences: effects on normal development profile after concussion. | journal = Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am | volume = 22 | issue = 4 | pages = 683-700 | month = Nov | year = 2011 | doi = 10.1016/j.pmr.2011.08.009 | PMID = 22050943 }}</ref>
*May be associated with motor neuron disease.<ref name=pmid22050943>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Daneshvar | first1 = DH. | last2 = Riley | first2 = DO. | last3 = Nowinski | first3 = CJ. | last4 = McKee | first4 = AC. | last5 = Stern | first5 = RA. | last6 = Cantu | first6 = RC. | title = Long-term consequences: effects on normal development profile after concussion. | journal = Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am | volume = 22 | issue = 4 | pages = 683-700 | month = Nov | year = 2011 | doi = 10.1016/j.pmr.2011.08.009 | PMID = 22050943 }}</ref>


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*Wall-to-wall neurofibrillary tangles.
*Wall-to-wall neurofibrillary tangles.
**Common in olfactory bulb, mammillary bodies, hippocampus.
**Common in olfactory bulb, mammillary bodies, hippocampus.
**Usually perivascular.
**Usually perivascular around small blood vessels.
**Often superficial (unlike [[Alzheimer disease]]) and at the deep aspect of sulci.
**Often superficial (unlike [[Alzheimer disease]]) and at the deep aspect of sulci.
 
*** But not restricted to superficial regions of sulci (also deep in parenchyma).
**Staging according to Bienik et al.: NFT in <5 regions: low CTE, in 5 or more: high CTE.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Snijders RJ, De Courcy-Wheeler RH, Nicolaides KH |title=Intrauterine growth retardation and fetal transverse cerebellar diameter |journal=Prenat Diagn |volume=14 |issue=12 |pages=1101–5 |date=December 1994 |pmid=7899277 |doi=10.1002/pd.1970141202 |url=}}</ref>
==IHC==
==IHC==
*Increased TDP-43 staining.
*Increased TDP-43 staining.
*p-Tau neuronal aggregates.
**+/. thron shaped-astrocytes.
*Usu. absence of beta-amyloid.


Note:
Note:
*[[ALS]] associated with trauma brain injuries.<ref name=pmid21696410>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Costanza | first1 = A. | last2 = Weber | first2 = K. | last3 = Gandy | first3 = S. | last4 = Bouras | first4 = C. | last5 = Hof | first5 = PR. | last6 = Giannakopoulos | first6 = P. | last7 = Canuto | first7 = A. | title = Review: Contact sport-related chronic traumatic encephalopathy in the elderly: clinical expression and structural substrates. | journal = Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol | volume = 37 | issue = 6 | pages = 570-84 | month = Oct | year = 2011 | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2990.2011.01186.x | PMID = 21696410 }}</ref>
*[[ALS]] associated with traumatic brain injuries.<ref name=pmid21696410>{{Cite journal  | last1 = Costanza | first1 = A. | last2 = Weber | first2 = K. | last3 = Gandy | first3 = S. | last4 = Bouras | first4 = C. | last5 = Hof | first5 = PR. | last6 = Giannakopoulos | first6 = P. | last7 = Canuto | first7 = A. | title = Review: Contact sport-related chronic traumatic encephalopathy in the elderly: clinical expression and structural substrates. | journal = Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol | volume = 37 | issue = 6 | pages = 570-84 | month = Oct | year = 2011 | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2990.2011.01186.x | PMID = 21696410 }}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==

Latest revision as of 12:43, 17 October 2022

Gross images showing a brain with chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) and a normal brain. (WC/BU)

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, abbreviated CTE, is a neurodegenerative disease due to repeated trauma.

The in the context of boxing it is known as dementia pugilistica; pugil is boxer in Latin.[1]

General

  • Due to head trauma - usually repetitive.
    • Seen in American football and boxing.
  • May be associated with motor neuron disease.[2]

Microscopic

Features:[3]

  • Wall-to-wall neurofibrillary tangles.
    • Common in olfactory bulb, mammillary bodies, hippocampus.
    • Usually perivascular around small blood vessels.
    • Often superficial (unlike Alzheimer disease) and at the deep aspect of sulci.
      • But not restricted to superficial regions of sulci (also deep in parenchyma).
    • Staging according to Bienik et al.: NFT in <5 regions: low CTE, in 5 or more: high CTE.[4]

IHC

  • Increased TDP-43 staining.
  • p-Tau neuronal aggregates.
    • +/. thron shaped-astrocytes.
  • Usu. absence of beta-amyloid.

Note:

  • ALS associated with traumatic brain injuries.[5]

See also

References

  1. URL: http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/pugilism. Accessed on: 21 November 2011.
  2. Daneshvar, DH.; Riley, DO.; Nowinski, CJ.; McKee, AC.; Stern, RA.; Cantu, RC. (Nov 2011). "Long-term consequences: effects on normal development profile after concussion.". Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am 22 (4): 683-700. doi:10.1016/j.pmr.2011.08.009. PMID 22050943.
  3. Stern, RA.; Riley, DO.; Daneshvar, DH.; Nowinski, CJ.; Cantu, RC.; McKee, AC. (Oct 2011). "Long-term Consequences of Repetitive Brain Trauma: Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy.". PM R 3 (10 Suppl 2): S460-7. doi:10.1016/j.pmrj.2011.08.008. PMID 22035690.
  4. "Intrauterine growth retardation and fetal transverse cerebellar diameter". Prenat Diagn 14 (12): 1101–5. December 1994. doi:10.1002/pd.1970141202. PMID 7899277.
  5. Costanza, A.; Weber, K.; Gandy, S.; Bouras, C.; Hof, PR.; Giannakopoulos, P.; Canuto, A. (Oct 2011). "Review: Contact sport-related chronic traumatic encephalopathy in the elderly: clinical expression and structural substrates.". Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 37 (6): 570-84. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2990.2011.01186.x. PMID 21696410.