Schwannoma

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Schwannoma
Diagnosis in short

Schwannoma showing Antoni A and Antoni B areas. HPS stain.

LM

Antoni A areas (cellular, fibrillary, polar, elongated), Antoni B area (pauci-cellular, loose microcystic tissue), Verocay bodies (paucinuclear area surrounded by nuclei), hyaline thickened blood vessels, thick capsule.

+/-peripheral lymphoid cuff (esp. GI tract)
Subtypes conventional schwannoma, cellular schwannoma, plexiform schwannoma, melanotic schwannoma
LM DDx meningioma, leiomyoma, GIST, intranodal palisaded myofibroblastoma, MPNST, neurofibroma, biphenotypic sinonasal sarcoma
IHC S-100 +ve, EMA -ve, CD34 +ve
Site soft tissue - peripheral nerve sheath tumours

Syndromes neurofibromatosis type 2, Carney complex (psammomatous melanotic schwannoma)

Prevalence common
Prognosis good
Clin. DDx meningioma - esp. at cerebellopontine angle

Schwannoma is a relatively common peripheral nerve sheath tumour.

At the cerebellopontine (CP) angle, they may be referred to as acoustic neuroma or vestibular schwannoma.

General

Microscopic

Features:[1]

  • Antoni A:
    • Cellular.
    • 'Fibrillary, polar, elongated'.
  • Antoni B:
    • Pauci-cellular.
    • Loose microcystic tissue.
  • Verocay bodies - paucinuclear area surrounded by clusters of nuclei - diagnostic feature.
  • Hyaline thickened blood vessels.
  • Thick capsule.
  • In the GI tract: classically have a peripheral lymphoid cuff.[2]
  • +/-Hemosiderin deposition within tumour.

Notes:

  • Tumour does not smear well.[3]
  • Antoni A: may look somewhat like scattered matchsticks.

DDx:

Images

www:

Schwannoma subtypes

There are four:[5]

  1. Conventional schwannoma.
  2. Cellular schwannoma.
  3. Plexiform schwannoma.
  4. Melanotic schwannoma.

Conventional schwannoma

  • Most common.

Cellular schwannoma

Images:

Plexiform schwannoma

  • May mimic MPNST if cellular - esp. in childhood.

Images:

Melanotic schwannoma

  • May be confused with melanoma.
  • Psammomatous form (psammomatous melanotic schwannoma) associated with a heritable disorder (Carney complex).

Note:

  • Carney complex:[5]
    • Cutaneous lentigines.
    • Myxomas (skin (subcutaneous), subcutanous, heart).
    • Endocrine neoplasms.

Images:

IHC

Features:[6]

Others:

  • Beta-catenin +ve[9] -- not nuclear.[10]

Sign out

Lesion, Right Ulnar Nerve, Excision:
     - Schwannoma.

Block letters

LESION, LEFT ANTERIOR TIBIA, EXCISION:
- SCHWANNOMA.
- NEGATIVE FOR MALIGNANCY.

Micro

The sections show a soft tissue spindle cell lesion, with cellular fibrillary areas (Antoni A) and pauci-cellular microcystic areas (Antoni B). There are also pauci-nuclear areas surrounded by clusters of nuclei (Verocay bodies). Thick hyaline blood vessels are present within the lesion. There is no apparent nuclear atypia. Mitotic activity is not readily apparent. No nerve is seen adjacent to the lesion. The lesion is partially encapsulated by fibrous tissue. Focally, ink is seen on the lesional cells.

See also

References

  1. Wippold FJ, Lubner M, Perrin RJ, Lämmle M, Perry A (October 2007). "Neuropathology for the neuroradiologist: Antoni A and Antoni B tissue patterns". AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 28 (9): 1633–8. doi:10.3174/ajnr.A0682. PMID 17893219. http://www.ajnr.org/cgi/reprint/28/9/1633.
  2. Levy AD, Quiles AM, Miettinen M, Sobin LH (March 2005). "Gastrointestinal schwannomas: CT features with clinicopathologic correlation". AJR Am J Roentgenol 184 (3): 797–802. PMID 15728600. http://www.ajronline.org/cgi/content/full/184/3/797.
  3. MUN. 24 November 2010.
  4. Chan, PT.; Tripathi, S.; Low, SE.; Robinson, LQ. (2007). "Case report--ancient schwannoma of the scrotum.". BMC Urol 7: 1. doi:10.1186/1471-2490-7-1. PMID 17244372.
  5. 5.0 5.1 Kurtkaya-Yapicier O, Scheithauer B, Woodruff JM (July 2003). "The pathobiologic spectrum of Schwannomas". Histol. Histopathol. 18 (3): 925–34. PMID 12792904.
  6. Hirose T, Tani T, Shimada T, Ishizawa K, Shimada S, Sano T (April 2003). "Immunohistochemical demonstration of EMA/Glut1-positive perineurial cells and CD34-positive fibroblastic cells in peripheral nerve sheath tumors". Mod. Pathol. 16 (4): 293–8. doi:10.1097/01.MP.0000062654.83617.B7. PMID 12692193. http://www.nature.com/modpathol/journal/v16/n4/full/3880761a.html.
  7. Nonaka D, Chiriboga L, Rubin BP (September 2008). "Sox10: a pan-schwannian and melanocytic marker". Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 32 (9): 1291–8. doi:10.1097/PAS.0b013e3181658c14. PMID 18636017.
  8. Rushing, EJ.; Bouffard, JP.; McCall, S.; Olsen, C.; Mena, H.; Sandberg, GD.; Thompson, LD. (Jun 2009). "Primary extracranial meningiomas: an analysis of 146 cases.". Head Neck Pathol 3 (2): 116-30. doi:10.1007/s12105-009-0118-1. PMID 19644540.
  9. Hasegawa, M.; Muramatsu, N.; Tohma, Y.; Fukaya, K.; Fujisawa, H.; Hayashi, Y.; Tachibana, O.; Kida, S. et al. (Jan 2002). "Expression of E-cadherin-catenin complex in human benign schwannomas.". Histol Histopathol 17 (1): 39-44. PMID 11813884.
  10. Carlson, JW.; Fletcher, CD. (Oct 2007). "Immunohistochemistry for beta-catenin in the differential diagnosis of spindle cell lesions: analysis of a series and review of the literature.". Histopathology 51 (4): 509-14. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2559.2007.02794.x. PMID 17711447.